Types of projects | #5 Getting started with project management

Large and small, internal and external, production and research… We can categorize business projects by size, duration, cost, principles, objectives and even the industries they concern. But why are the differences between types of projects important for business?

Types of projects – table of contents:

1. Introduction
2. Scope of the project
3. Project duration
4. The complexity of the project
5. Source of funding
6. Project themes
7. Summary

Introduction

Is it important for project managers to answer the question of what types of projects they are implementing? It might seem insignificant compared to managing and effectively implementing the project.

However, knowledge of project classification becomes crucial when choosing the method of its implementation as well as prioritization of projects in the organization or the tasks in the project itself. Also, it significantly impacts the composition of the project team. Therefore, based on the available knowledge and good practices, we will look at the most common types of projects to prepare well for their initiation and implementation.

Scope of the project

The scope of a project may initially appear radically different to the person commissioning the project and the project developer. This is why it is so essential to determine in detail what tasks and budget to include in the list. Especially, in case of an external stakeholder runs the project especially a new client, the project scope is, therefore, a key concept that often appears in agreements and contracts. It depends primarily on purpose behind the project.

Defining the scope of a project is therefore crucial from a business perspective primarily because it allows control over the tasks in the project. The main task of the Project Manager’s job involves preventing uncontrolled project sprawl (scope creep) or losing sight of the purpose behind the tasks.

Project duration

Based on the duration of the project, they can be divided into:

• short-term
• medium-term
• long-term

Defining the duration of a project is especially important when contractually setting a deadline for the delivery of a finished product to a customer, or organizing an event on a date planned well in advance. Defining at the outset what timeframe the project encompasses allows you to effectively manage time, monitor the budget and manage risks in the project.

While the project as such is a unique undertaking, we can also talk about one-time and cyclical projects. An example of the former is the modernization of an office and equipping it with energy-efficient lighting, while the latter is the annual tree-planting campaign on company-owned land. In the case of cyclical projects, it is very important to have detailed documentation of the project, including, for example, contact details of subcontractors or a comparison of delivery costs. This is because they will more than likely be useful for the next implementation cycle.

The complexity of the project

The complexity of a project is one of the key factors determining its method of implementation. This is because uncomplicated projects, whose results are similar to previously performed services or marketed products, do not require extensive management. If the team consists of professionals, methods such as Kanban or Scrumban work best for them.

Source: kanban board from a free project management tool: www.firmbee.com

Projects with a high degree of complexity, on the other hand, require longer thinking about the choice of management method. The Project Manager must, first of all, determine the answer to the question: will it be possible to communicate with the client sufficiently to run the project in an agile methodology? Will stakeholders be willing to participate in the successive phases of the project, or would they prefer to rely on the classic cascade model and predetermined project schedule?

Source of funding

The funding criterion is another way of distinguishing different types of projects. Thus, there will be projects financed by funds:

• internal
• external (acquired)
• mixed

Among external resources, it is worth mentioning public and private funding sources. In general, internally financed projects usually require much less documentation, since the project budget does not have to be prepared and accounted for according to the formal criteria of external stakeholders.

Project themes

Project topics are an important type of classification especially because of the professional specialization of Project Managers. To illustrate how diverse these topics can be, let’s look at a list of examples:

• administrative project management – the Project Manager’s list of tasks includes creating the information architecture in the office and creating a team of people who classify documents in the archive
• research project – the Project Manager is in charge of defining the purpose of the research, selecting the necessary apparatus and research methods, as well as the day-to-day conduct of research in the project
• IT project – the project manager must not only have in-depth knowledge of the technology used but also be able to convincingly communicate the status of the project to stakeholders without such knowledge

Summary

Classifying types of projects can help you choose the best management method, write the best contract, and even decide how detailed project documentation will be needed. Clearly defining stakeholder collaboration, project scope and funding sources from the very beginning of planning can have a significant impact on the success and day-to-day efficiency of project implementation.

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